---
type: Scholarly Article
title: Passive Primary/Backup-Based Scheduling for Simultaneous Power and Reliability Management on Heterogeneous Embedded Systems
description: Passive primary/backup scheduling on heterogeneous multicores that mixes task mapping across core types and runs backups after primaries to remove execution overlap.
resource: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSUSC.2022.3186656
tags:
  - heterogeneous multicore systems
  - real-time scheduling
  - fault tolerance
  - energy efficiency
  - reliability
  - embedded systems
  - power/energy consumption
  - thermal design power
generated:
  by: process:roozbeh.nl/astro-build
  at: 2026-09-06T00:00:00Z
status: stable
sources:
  - id: crossref
    resource: https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1109/TSUSC.2022.3186656
    title: Crossref metadata record
  - id: publisher
    resource: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSUSC.2022.3186656
    title: Publisher record (IEEE)
  - id: pdf
    resource: https://roozbeh.nl/papers/tsusc.pdf
    title: Author manuscript (PDF)
doi: 10.1109/TSUSC.2022.3186656
authors:
  - name: Sina Yari-Karin
    orcid: 0000-0003-0038-8642
  - name: Roozbeh Siyadatzadeh
    orcid: 0000-0002-2258-4110
  - name: Mohsen Ansari
    orcid: 0000-0002-4670-8608
  - name: Alireza Ejlali
    orcid: 0000-0002-5661-3629
year: 2023
published: 2023-01-01
venue: IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing
venue_type: journal
publisher: IEEE
volume: "8"
issue: "1"
pages: 82-93
web_page: https://roozbeh.nl/publications/passive-primary-backup-scheduling-heterogeneous/
pdf: https://roozbeh.nl/papers/tsusc.pdf
pdf_version: author
bibtex: https://roozbeh.nl/publications/passive-primary-backup-scheduling-heterogeneous.bib
citation_count: 15
citation_count_source: Semantic Scholar Graph API, 2026-09-02
---

# Passive Primary/Backup-Based Scheduling for Simultaneous Power and Reliability Management on Heterogeneous Embedded Systems

Sina Yari-Karin, Roozbeh Siyadatzadeh, Mohsen Ansari, Alireza Ejlali. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing, 2023, pp. 82-93. DOI: [10.1109/TSUSC.2022.3186656](https://doi.org/10.1109/TSUSC.2022.3186656).

# Abstract

In addition to meeting the real-time constraint, power/energy efficiency and high reliability are two vital objectives for real-time embedded systems. Recently, heterogeneous multicore systems have been considered an appropriate solution for achieving joint power/energy efficiency and high reliability. However, power/energy and reliability are two conflict requirements due to the inherent redundancy of fault-tolerance techniques. Also, because of the heterogeneity of the system, the execution of the tasks, especially real-time tasks, in the heterogeneous system is more complicated than the homogeneous system. The proposed method in this paper employs a passive primary/backup technique to preserve the reliability requirement of the system at a satisfactory level and reduces power/energy consumption in heterogeneous multicore systems by considering real-time and peak power constraints. The proposed method attempts to map the primary and backup tasks in a mixed manner to benefit from the execution of the tasks in different core types and schedules the backup tasks after finishing the primary tasks to remove the overlap between the execution of the primary and backup tasks. Compared to the existing state-of-the-art methods, experimental results demonstrate our proposed method’s power efficiency and effectiveness in terms of schedulability.

# Key result

Lower power consumption and better schedulability than existing methods while meeting real-time, reliability, and peak-power constraints.

# Cite

S. Yari-Karin, R. Siyadatzadeh, M. Ansari and A. Ejlali, "Passive Primary/Backup-Based Scheduling for Simultaneous Power and Reliability Management on Heterogeneous Embedded Systems," IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 82-93, 2023, doi: 10.1109/TSUSC.2022.3186656.

```bibtex
@article{yarikarin2023passive,
  author    = {Yari-Karin, Sina and Siyadatzadeh, Roozbeh and Ansari, Mohsen and Ejlali, Alireza},
  title     = {Passive Primary/Backup-Based Scheduling for Simultaneous Power and Reliability Management on Heterogeneous Embedded Systems},
  journal   = {IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing},
  volume    = {8},
  number    = {1},
  year      = {2023},
  pages     = {82--93},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  doi       = {10.1109/TSUSC.2022.3186656},
  url       = {https://doi.org/10.1109/TSUSC.2022.3186656},
}
```

# Files

* [Web page](https://roozbeh.nl/publications/passive-primary-backup-scheduling-heterogeneous/)
* [Author manuscript (PDF)](https://roozbeh.nl/papers/tsusc.pdf)
* [AI-generated audio overview (NotebookLM), 5 min](https://roozbeh.nl/audio/tsusc.m4a)

Author record: [Roozbeh Siyadatzadeh](../person/roozbeh-siyadatzadeh.md).